1. Training
2. Clearance Delivery/Ground
3. SVFR

SVFR (covered in 7110.65 Chapter 7 Section 5) is intended to allow an aircraft to enter/exit an area visually when weather is below VFR minimums. This is especially useful when the weather conditions are localized and clearer weather is nearby.

SVFR is only available under the following conditions:

• Only when requested by the pilot.
• Only within the lateral boundaries of Class B, Class C, Class D, or Class E surface areas, below 10,000 feet MSL.
• At airports not listed under 14 CFR Part 91, Appendix D: PDX and SEA do not allow SVFR
• On the basis of weather conditions reported at the airport of intended landing/departure.
• When weather conditions are not reported at the airport, or pilot advises they are unable to maintain VFR

Weather minimums are "clear of clouds", and 1 statute mile visibility, as defined by:

• Ground visibility reported at the airport of arrival/departure
• Flight visibility reported by the pilot, if ground visibility is not available or not applicable.
  14 CFR § 91.157

Note that the visibility requirements do not apply to helicopters.

Basic Phraseology

CLEARED TO ENTER/OUT OF/THROUGH, (name) SURFACE AREA, MAINTAIN SPECIAL V−F−R CONDITIONS AT OR BELOW (altitude below 10,000 feet MSL).

Do not assign a fixed altitude when applying vertical separation, but clear the SVFR aircraft at or below an altitude which is at least 500 feet below any conflicting IFR traffic but not below the MSA prescribed in 14 CFR Section 91.119.

Local operations are also possible as long as the aircraft can be recalled if traffic or weather requires:

LOCAL SPECIAL V−F−R OPERATIONS IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF (name) AIRPORT ARE AUTHORIZED UNTIL (time). MAINTAIN SPECIAL V−F−R CONDITIONS.

SVFR also allows climbs to VFR conditions.

CLIMB TO V−F−R WITHIN (name) SURFACE AREA/WITHIN (a specified distance) MILES FROM (airport name) AIRPORT, MAINTAIN SPECIAL V−F−R CONDITIONS UNTIL REACHING V−F−R.

Separation

Apply non-radar or visual separation between:

• SVFR fixed wing aircraft.
• SVFR fixed-wing aircraft and SVFR Helicopters.
• SVFR fixed-wing aircraft and IFR aircraft.

Apply non-radar, visual, or IFR radar separation between:

• SVFR Helicopters.
• SVFR Helicopters and IFR aircraft.