1. Training
2. Approach
3. Surveillance Approaches

A surveillance approach (covered in 7110.65 Chapter 5 Section 11) uses radar to guide an aircraft down the final approach course. One possible application is if an aircraft is unable to fly an available instrument approach for some reason. It requires significant attention from the radar controller.

Inform the pilot of the important approach information:

"This Will Be A Surveillance Approach To (Airport Name) Runway XX"

"Missed Approach Point Is X Miles From Runway XX"

"Your Missed Approach Procedure Is ____"

Guide the pilot to the final approach course:

"X Miles (Direction) Of (Airport Name)" "Turn Right/Left Heading XXX"

If requested by pilot:

RECOMMENDED ALTITUDES WILL BE PROVIDED FOR EACH MILE ON FINAL TO MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE/CIRCLING MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE.

Provide final approach instructions:

REPORT (runway, approach/runway lights or airport) IN SIGHT.

MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE (altitude). OR PUBLISHED CIRCLING MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE (altitude)

PREPARE TO DESCEND IN (number) MILE(S).

(Number) MILES FROM RUNWAY/AIRPORT/ HELIPORT. DESCEND AND MAINTAIN (restriction altitude). or DESCEND TO YOUR MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE.

Transmissions with aircraft on surveillance final approach should occur approximately every 15 seconds.

Each mile: (Number) MILE(S) FROM RUNWAY/AIRPORT/ HELIPORT OR MISSED APPROACH POINT. 

HEADING (heading), ON COURSE, or SLIGHTLY/WELL LEFT/RIGHT OF COURSE.

"Going left/right of course." "Left/right of course and holding/correcting." rapidly/slowly

If requested: ALTITUDE SHOULD BE (altitude).

When requested, or at MAP:

(Distance) MILE(S) FROM RUNWAY/AIRPORT/ HELIPORT, or OVER MISSED APPROACH POINT.

If able to proceed visually:

PROCEED VISUALLY (additional instructions/clearance as required.)

If not able to proceed visually:

IF RUNWAY, or APPROACH/RUNWAY LIGHTS NOT IN SIGHT, EXECUTE MISSED APPROACH/(missed approach instructions). (Additional instructions/clearance, as required.)

Since the radar controller will be in constant contact with the pilot, they will not change to the tower frequency. The radar controller should coordinate with the tower controller for landing clearance.

"Wind XXX at XX, Runway XX, Tower Has Cleared You To Land."

PAR

A precision approach radar approach technically requires a radar that gives azimuth, elevation, and range of aircraft on the final approach course. This is typically associated with military locations. It is similar to a surveillance approach, but will also include glidepath guidance, and miles will be from touchdown rather than the runway.

Transmissions with aircraft on precision final approach should occur approximately every 5 seconds.

(approximately 10 to 30 seconds before final descent). APPROACHING GLIDEPATH.

If requested: DECISION HEIGHT (number of feet)

BEGIN DESCENT.

HEADING (heading). ON GLIDEPATH. ON COURSE, or SLIGHTLY/WELL ABOVE/BELOW GLIDEPATH. SLIGHTLY/WELL LEFT/RIGHT OF COURSE.

"Going left/right of course." "Left/right of course and holding/correcting." rapidly/slowly

Each mile: (Number of miles) MILES FROM TOUCHDOWN.

AT DECISION HEIGHT.

OVER APPROACH LIGHTS.

OVER LANDING THRESHOLD, (position with respect to course).

(Distance) MILE(S) FROM TOUCHDOWN, PROCEED VISUALLY (additional instructions/clearance as required)

CONTACT (terminal control function) (frequency, if required) AFTER LANDING.